San Marino is claimed to be the world’s oldest republic and is Europe’s third smallest state, following Vatican City and Monaco. Founded around 300 AD by a monk fleeing Diocletian’s persecutions, San Marino operates its own mint, postage stamps, and maintains an army of 1,000 men. While it functions as part of Italy for foreign policy and other matters, San Marino retains its independence. Perched atop Mount Titano at 700 meters above sea level, the republic offers breathtaking views of the Riviera Romagnola, just 15 km away. Wander through its medieval ramparts and narrow, traffic-free streets while enjoying excellent shopping opportunities.
